Chifukwa Chake Gelatin Ndi Yofunikira Kwambiri Pakupanga Marshmallow Yamakono
Chokometsera chomwe chimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi kuti marshmallow chinachokera ku chomera cha marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), chomera cha maluwa ofiira chochokera ku madambo ndi madambo. Poyamba, chinthu chomata chomwe chimachotsedwa ku mizu ya chomeracho chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chotsekemera choyera chopepuka chomwe chimafanana ndi thonje, zomwe zidapatsa dzina lake. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chotsitsa kuchokera ku muzu wa marsh mallow chinasinthidwa ndi dzira loyera ndi gelatin. Marshmallow amakono asintha kuchokera ku mtundu umodzi kupita ku mitundu yovuta kwambiri, monga marshmallows wodzazidwa ndi chokoleti.
1. Makhalidwe a Zamalonda
Marshmallow ndi maswiti ofewa, opumira mpweya kwambiri omwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wake woyera woyera, kapangidwe kake kokhala ndi mabowo, komanso thovu lolimba la mpweya. Ngakhale kuti ndi lopepuka kwambiri komanso lokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, silitha kuwonongeka ndipo limakhala nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi monga mawonekedwe ofewa, opindika, komanso otanuka omwe sangamamatire mano. Kulimba ndi kusinthasintha kwa marshmallow kumachokera ku mawonekedwe a ulusi wochepa womwe umasunga chinyezi, kuteteza syneresis - kulira kwa madzi kuchokera ku maswiti - motero kuonetsetsa kuti marshmallow imakhalabe ndi khalidwe lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika.
Pa nthawi yokwapula ndi kulowetsa mpweya, thovu laling'ono la mpweya logawidwa mofanana limapangidwa, ndipo khoma lozungulira thovuli limakhuthala. Mpweya ukafika pamlingo womwe mukufuna, marshmallow imapeza mawonekedwe ake apadera: abwino komanso oboola ndi thovu laling'ono, koma lopepuka komanso lotanuka. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mpweya wambiri kumawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake, komwe kungakhale pansi pa 0.6 g/mL. Kapangidwe ka kuwala kumeneku kamasiyanitsa ndi maswiti ena ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yokoma kwambiri.
Marshmallow ndi njira yogawanitsira magawo awiri, pomwe manyuchi amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lopitilira ndipo mpweya umatuluka ngati gawo logawanikira. Kapangidwe ndi momwe shuga alili mu manyuchi zimakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka marshmallow. Marshmallow amatha kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya kapangidwe: kosakhala kofiira kapena kofiira. Mu mtundu wosakhala kofiira, shuga mu manyuchi amakhalabe osungunuka kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mu mtundu wa kristalo, shuga wina amaloledwa kusungunuka kukhala makhiristo abwino, omwe amapanga kuluma kwakanthawi kochepa. Ngati marshmallow yophikidwa ndi kristalo yauma, imatha kusinthidwa kukhala yolimba, yopyapyala, komanso yopepuka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala komanso chinyezi chochepa (pansi pa 3%). Komabe, marshmallows ambiri ofala ndi omwe amasinthasintha, okhala ndi chinyezi cha 15-18%. Chifukwa chake, marshmallows ndi gulu la maswiti omwe amatha kukhala opepuka kwambiri, okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ofewa, olimba, otafuna, kapena otafuna. Mtundu wofewa komanso wolimba ndi womwe umapezeka kwambiri pamsika masiku ano.
2. Zipangizo Zopanda Utoto ndi Zothandiza
(A) Zinthu Zothandizira Mpweya
Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zokwapula kapena zotulutsa thovu, zotulutsa mpweya ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu marshmallows. Zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi ma hydrocolloids, zomwe zimapanga filimu yotanuka mozungulira thovu la mpweya kuti zikhazikitse thovu. Ma colloids ambiri awa ndi ma macromolecules, monga mapuloteni kapena ma polysaccharides, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokhazikitsa thovu; ena ali ndi mphamvu zopanga gelling. Kutengera ndi chinthu chomwe mukufuna, wopanga gelatin wodziwika bwino amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana. Zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi izi:
- Mapuloteni: Ma albumen a dzira, hydrolyzed soy protein, kapena whey protein amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa 1-1.5% kuti apange kapangidwe kofewa komanso kosalala.
- Gelatin: Gelatin hydrocolloid yodziwika bwino, yochokera ku collagen ya nyama, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 2-5% kuti ipange mawonekedwe osalala. Kawirikawiri,gelatin yamtundu wa chakudyachofunika popanga.
- Chingamu: Makamaka gum arabic, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wokwera wa 20-30%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yotafuna.
- Wowuma Wosinthidwa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi 11% kuti apange mawonekedwe olimba komanso otafuna.
- Agar: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1-2% kuti ikhale yopepuka komanso yofewa.
- Alginate: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 0.5-1% kuti ikhale yolimba.
Mwa zinthu zimenezi, gelatin ndi dzira la albumen ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamodzi, ndi mlingo wokhazikika malinga ndi zofunikira pakupanga ndi makhalidwe omwe amafunidwa a chinthu chomaliza. Mtengo wa chinthucho ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha chinthu cholowetsa mpweya. Zinthu zonse zolowetsa mpweya ziyenera kupatsidwa madzi okwanira kwa nthawi yokwanira kuti zikhale ndi madzi okwanira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mpweya uzigwira ntchito bwino.
Mukagwiritsa ntchito azungu a dzira, albumen youma ndi yofala. Yankho lake limaphwanyika mwachangu kukhala thovu lofewa, koma kupopera kwambiri kungayambitse kugwa. Ngati kutentha kupitirira 70°C, puloteni ya dzira imaundana ndikutaya ntchito yake yopumira, kotero kutentha kwambiri kuyenera kupewedwa panthawi yopumira.
Theegelatin ya dibleMa marshmallow omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu marshmallow ndi mapuloteni otengedwa pakhungu ndi mafupa a nyama. Ma marshmallow nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito gelatin yotengedwa ndi asidi, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yodziwika bwino mongagelatin ya ng'ombe or gelatin ya nkhumba, yokhala ndi pH ya 5.0-6.0 kuti ipange thovu bwino pamalo ake a iso-electric. Pamisika yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana mongagelatine ya halal or gelatin ya kosherziliponso. Mphamvu ya gel, kapenamphamvu ya maluwa a gelatin, ndi muyeso wofunikira kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 180-250. Maluwa ake ndi ofanana ndi a marshmallows, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti amapaka thovu komanso amapaka gelling. Mtundu uwu wagelatin yosakomaKawirikawiri imakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwake kawiri kapena katatu m'madzi. Pa kutentha kopitilira 70°C, makamaka pa pH yotsika, mamolekyu a gelatin amatha kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya gel ichepe kwambiri, zomwe zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala panthawi yogwira ntchito.
(B) Sukrosi
Sucrose ndi 40-80% ya fomula. Kuchuluka kochepa kumapangitsa kuti marshmallow isakome mokwanira, pomwe kuchuluka kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti marshmallow ikhale yotsekemera kwambiri. Marshmallows omwe si a crystalline nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sucrose yochepa (yochepera 50%), pomwe mitundu ya crystalline imagwiritsa ntchito yochulukirapo (yoposa 50%). Mapangidwe a marshmallows a crystalline nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo shuga wophikidwa kapena fondant (shuga wochepa wa crystalline) ngati chothandizira kuyambitsa crystallization.
(C) Manyuchi a sitachi
Madzi a starch, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa 20-60%, ndi otsekemera pang'ono kuposa sucrose ndipo amathandiza kuwongolera kukoma kwa marshmallow. Amawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa thupi la marshmallow, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza mpweya wabwino ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale ngati gummy. Madzi a High-DE kapena high-maltose nthawi zambiri amakondedwa chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwawo kochepa, komwe kumathandiza mpweya wabwino. Amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zambiri pamadzi ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati humectant, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga chinyezi cha marshmallow, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kufewa kwake komanso kusinthasintha kwake.
(D) Sonkhanitsani Syrup
Madzi otsekemera a invert akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 5-15%, amagwiranso ntchito ngati humectant kuti athandize kusunga chinyezi ndi kufewa. Kukhuthala kwake kochepa kumathandiza kuti mpweya ulowe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti marshmallow ikhale yopepuka. Komabe, ndi yotsekemera kwambiri komanso yowoneka bwino, kotero kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikusinthidwa kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo.
(E) Zokometsera
Zokometsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi vanila, vanillin, ndi ethyl maltol. Zosakaniza zina monga ufa wa koko wopanda mafuta ambiri, ufa wa mkaka wosaphika, ndi kokonati wodulidwa nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2025
